Instituto de Estudios sobre Desarrollo y Cooperación Internacional
Nazioarteko Lankidetza eta Garapenari Buruzko Ikasketa Institutua
Instituto de Estudios sobre Desarrollo y Cooperación Internacional
Nazioarteko Lankidetza eta Garapenari Buruzko Ikasketa Institutua
Instituto de Estudios sobre Desarrollo y Cooperación Internacional
Nazioarteko Lankidetza eta Garapenari Buruzko Ikasketa Institutua
EDITORIAL
Alimentación y vida en el caos climático
AMASANDO LA REALIDAD
DE UN VISTAZO Y MUCHAS ARISTAS
EN PIE DE ESPIGA
VISITAS DE CAMPO
PALABRA DE CAMPO
Whether this is the "age of crises", polycrisis or permacrisis, the idea that we are living in an unprecedented period of instability and uncertainty has become a common way of understanding our times. At the time of writing these lines, the future of humanitarian action and human solidarity appears even more precarious, as the erosion of multilateralism, cuts in public development aid and the global rise of the far right increasingly challenge the very notion of international cooperation.
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Alternatives Humanitaires est une revue bilingue (français/anglais) à vocation internationale. La création de la revue répond aux ambitions suivantes: -Encourager et participer à la réflexion globale du secteur humanitaire sur ses pratiques et son évolution grâce à une publication imprimée sur abonnement et une diffusion numérique en accès libre. -Établir un espace de rencontre et de dialogue, une proximité et une dynamique d’échange entre chercheurs en sciences humaines (sociologie, histoire, économie, anthropologie…) et praticiens de l’action humanitaire sur les défis auxquels ce secteur est confronté. -Faire mieux entendre sur la scène internationale les approches humanitaires puisant leurs racines dans le courant « sans-frontières » grâce à une mise en commun de moyens, de pensée et de projets. -Favoriser le dialogue et les échanges dans ces domaines entre chercheurs et praticiens des pays du Nord et du Sud. Puedes leer Alternatives Humanitaires en el CDOC de Hegoa o consultar su web. Última entregaThe crisis of humanitarian action in the age of climate change
Whether this is the "age of crises", polycrisis or permacrisis, the idea that we are living in an unprecedented period of instability and uncertainty has become a common way of understanding our times. At the time of writing these lines, the future of humanitarian action and human solidarity appears even more precarious, as the erosion of multilateralism, cuts in public development aid and the global rise of the far right increasingly challenge the very notion of international cooperation. Leer más aquí. |
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which was violently reignited following the terrorist attacks perpetrated by Hamas on 7 October 2023, has practically pushed the Russia-Ukraine war off the geopolitical map.[1] The eyes of the world have since turned to the Gaza Strip, that narrow strip of land boxed in by Israel, Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea.
It is understandable that the world’s attention has switched to Gaza, given the large numbers of mainly civilian victims affected by the conflict since it began. However, the impact of the crisis triggered by the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 has not diminished: six million refugees are still living outside the country and five million people have been internally displaced in Ukraine. The Russia-Ukraine war’s “relegation” has prompted the Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy to go out of his way to keep the media and political focus on his country at a time when the conflict is getting bogged down in fighting, and his fear of a drop in international support for Ukraine’s fight against the Russian invasion is mounting.
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In the early 2000s, “professionalisation” was the rallying cry in the humanitarian aid sector. Twenty years later, professionalisation has undeniably and largely done its job. It is no longer just a process, welcomed by many and criticised by some, but a fact (with a salaried workforce, career structure, standardised practices, increasingly complex division of labour, etc.), even though the term is still used in a way that makes it far from clear whether this indicates a lack of understanding of these developments or empty criticism. We can but wonder, however, if the community of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) has not been struggling to find a new lease of life over the past few years. It is as if the structure of the sector – whose benefits are incontestable – has gone on to erase its distinctive character built on activism and “vocational values”, at times unsettling the “old hands” and disillusioning the “newcomers”.
Del editorial del nº26.
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Over the past five years, hunger has been on the rise again and the number of food crises is increasing. 828 million people were hungry around the world in 2022 – 46 million more than the previous year. According to the latest Global Report on Food Crises (World Food Programme, 2023), there were 58 food crises worldwide in 2022 and 258 million people were experiencing acute food insecurity, i.e. they were physically and economically unable to access enough safe, nutritious food. Undernutrition, which results in stunted growth, acute malnutrition and multiple deficiencies, is still the cause of almost half the deaths of children under five worldwide. Acute crisis situations aside, 3 billion people do not have access to a healthy diet. The food crisis, once the sad preserve of poor or war-torn countries, is now affecting industrialised countries. For example, 16% of French people say they do not eat their fill (Crédoc, 2023) and 26 million Americans went hungry in 2020 (U.S. Census Bureau).
Del editorial del nº25.
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This latest issue of Humanitarian Alternatives focuses on the multiple humanitarian concerns Central America is grappling with. Often regarded as a transit region, Central America is undergoing major demographic change that is destabilising the socioeconomic equilibrium in an already vulnerable area. This issue seeks to shed light on the daily lives of both the resident and migrant populations as they contend with the deteriorating regional security situation. The articles bring to light the role of humanitarian workers in a region that has long been low down on the priority list of the international community, despite an incredibly fragile political context.
Del editorial del nº24. Leer más aquí.
En clôture du premier Sommet humanitaire mondial d’Istanbul en mai 2016, diplomates et chef·fe·s d’État s’accordaient sur l’objectif de « défendre les normes qui sauvegardent l’humanité ». Publié en amont de l’événement, le rapport du Secrétaire général des Nations unies faisait la part belle à la promotion du droit international humanitaire (DIH).
International humanitarian law: the great step... backwards?
At the end of the first World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul in May 2016, diplomats and heads of state were agreed on the goal of “upholding the norms that safeguard humanity”. The United Nations (UN) Secretary-General’s report, published prior to the event, put the emphasis on the promotion of international humanitarian law (IHL).
Del editorial del nº23. Leer más aquí.
Since the mid-1990s, mental health has been recognised as a crucial aspect of human suffering in humanitarian crises. Many organisations have built expertise specific to acute crisis situations based on years of experience and practices, developed in Bosnia, Rwanda or Chechnya.
This increased awareness has highlighted new needs and formalised new approaches spanning the whole field of mental health, from disorders of varying severity (post-traumatic stress in particular) to multiple forms of psychological distress (relating to the social, cultural or political environment) by way of the promotion of well-being and community living as the building blocks of a comprehensive approach to health.
Del editorial del nº22. Leer más aquí
Together with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and specialised United Nations (UN) entities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) from international civil society are the third-largest family of international actors. Still overwhelmingly Western, they bring together and organise citizens who share an ambition to change public policies in their countries of origin. But they also operate at a distance from these countries to carry out solidarity actions. They assert too that they intervene in the name of a common humanity alongside populations affected by political or environmental crises. Violence, communicable diseases and shortfalls in basic needs are often the common denominator.
Del editorial del nº21. Leer más aquí
Restrictions on freedom of association are a too often neglected marker of the shift of a political regime towards authoritarianism, or even dictatorship. Russia is a case in point. When historians write the narrative of the period leading up to the war against Ukraine, they must not fail to mention that ten years earlier, in 2012, the Duma (the Russian Parliament) had adopted legislation – unique in its kind at the time – introducing the concept of “foreign agent”, which was applied to certain civic actors. Inspired by the Soviet language, this concept – with its vague and ever-expanding contours – has since been used to describe Russian civil society organisations (CSOs) which receive external funding and are therefore suspected of being accomplices of foreign powers, or even spies.
Del editorial del nº20. Leer más aquí.
Dans la guerre qui se déroule aujourd’hui en Ukraine, les images d’enfants sont déjà nombreuses, répliques des milliers d’autres qui surgissent dès que les adultes se battent. Elles nous émeuvent et nous hantent. Elles doivent nous interroger aussi.(...)
Del editorial del nº19. Leer más aquí.
La fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale a ouvert un mouvement d’amplification de la coopération internationale particulièrement marquée depuis le début des années 1990. Un grand nombre d’organisations humanitaires, en France et au-delà, sont enfants de ce demi-siècle marqué par l’espoir d’une plus grande solidarité entre les peuples, les sociétés et les économies. En particulier, la cause des migrants a toujours été un des axes forts de ce projet de solidarité internationale.
Del editorial del nº18. Leer más aquí.
En dépit de notables rapprochements et de nombreux travaux menés en commun ces dernières années, acteurs de la recherche et de l’humanitaire continuent de se regarder encore trop souvent avec une méfiance qui puise à une méconnaissance réciproque. Les premiers sont encore parfois perçus comme des donneurs de leçons, confortablement installés dans leur « tour d’ivoire » quand les seconds seraient bien en mal de réfléchir avant d’agir et de s’interroger sur la manière d’utiliser les plus récentes données probantes pour définir leurs actions. Rares sont celles et ceux qui, pour autant, dénient leurs qualités respectives aux uns et aux autres, plus à titre individuel qu’organisationnel.
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Début 2018, plusieurs employés d’une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) britannique sont accusés d’abus sexuels commis en Haïti après le séisme de 2010. Ce qui deviendra « le scandale Oxfam » révèle que l’humanitaire n’échappe pas au fléau des violences sexistes et sexuelles. D’autres ONG, mais aussi des organisations internationales, dévoilent à cette occasion les « comportements sexuels répréhensibles » (« sexual misconduct ») ayant pu être commis en leur sein, à l’encontre de bénéficiaires directs, de populations vulnérables ou d’autres personnels humanitaires. En association-référence au mouvement #MeToo, les hashtags AidToo et ReformAid font leur apparition, devenant les bannières sous lesquelles se rangent celles et ceux qui sont décidés à révéler, à combattre et à sanctionner les abus sexuels commis par des personnels évoluant dans le monde de l’aide internationale. En réaction, plusieurs organisations humanitaires expliquent les dispositifs déjà mis en place ou proposent de réformer leurs procédures de recrutement, de développer les formations sur les violences sexistes et sexuelles ou de revoir les mécanismes de sanction à leur disposition.
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